Essay about The Psychodynamic Model of Abnormality

The Psychodynamic Model of Abnormality The psychodynamic model of abnormality is useful to an extent. However it has many weaknesses. The psychodynamic model of abnormality was initiated by Sigmund Freud. Sigmund Freud was very interested in hysteria. This is the manifestation of physical causes. He became convinced that unconscious mental causes were responsible not just abnormality but also normality. Freud developed Psychoanalysis. This is a set of techniques for treating the unconscious causes of mental disorders and built up a psychoanalytic theory of how human personality and abnormality develop from childhood. His†¦show more content†¦Freud (1923) divided the psyche into three parts. The first being the Id (unconscious mind). This is the largest part and is innate. It is the source our desires. It is selfish and operates on the pleasure principle and only wants the gratification it desires. The second is the Ego (Conscious mind). This is fully formed from around two years of age and develops from the Id. The Ego works on the reality principle and is concerned with keeping our thoughts and action s in step with the real world. The third is the Superego and contains moral values. Psychoanalysis had a very fixed set of assumptions that later psychodynamic theorists agreed with to different extents. One of the assumptions was the unconscious processes, where many important influences on behaviour come from the unconscious part of the mind, which we have no awareness of. Another assumption is psychodynamic conflict. This is where the different parts of the mind are in a constant struggle with each other and the consequences of the struggle are important in understanding behaviour. Freud also believed that that behaviour is motivated by emotional drives. Particularly sexual and aggressive drives. These drives create psychic energy that builds up if it cannot be released. Development is another of the assumptions, where personality is shaped by relationships,Show MoreRelatedPsychological Psychonormality : The Six Models Of Abnormality1028 Words   |  5 PagesThe six models of psychological abnormality detailed in this chapter each present a different set of a ssumptions and explanations for abnormal functioning. These models all interrupt a person’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviors and examine them as being caused or initiated by various and ranging factors. Although each model has its strengths, none can claim a full explanation of abnormal functioning and therefore, no one model can be deemed best or more correct than another. The model of psychologicalRead MoreA Comparison of Two Therapeutic Approaches to Mental Disorders913 Words   |  4 PagesDisorders The essence of the medical model is the view that abnormal behaviours like mental disorders result from physical problems and should be treated medically, in other words; mental disorders resemble physical diseases, in that they are both illness of the body. As a result, the medical approach would argue that mental illness and therapeutic action should be taken from the medical perspective. Whereas the psychodynamic approach concerning mental illness put Read MorePsychological Analysis of O.J. Simpsons Path to Infamy1101 Words   |  4 Pagesprison sentence (Biography.com, n.d.) O.J. Simpson’s abnormal behavior is one that is hard to diagnose because there is little evidence to strictly say why he did what he did, I will attempt to look and analyze his behavior through all of the Models of Abnormalities. Looking at the Biological perspective, O.J. could be seen with a chemical imbalance in his brain chemistry as a result of a lack of cortisol and serotonin, which could explain for his involvement in the murder of Nicole Brown Simpson andRead MoreThe Medical Model Of Psychopathology962 Words   |  4 Pagescriminal† (Joseph 1997). According to the medical model, the causes of mental illness may be biological in nature, or they might be psychosocial in nature. All that matters is that they can be known through the methods of empirical science. The medical model holds that mental illness can be treated and prevented by methods derived from scientific research. These kinds of analogies between physical and mental illness form the backbone of the medical model of psychopathology. It has not proved easy toRead MoreOcd Essay827 Words   |  4 Pagesthan the normal population of developing the disorder. In a meta-analysis of twin studies, Billett et al found that compared to non identical twins, identical twins are twice as likely to develop OCD if their twin also had OCD. However the biological model fails to recognise the importance of learning and developing disorders. This is ideology is discussed in the behavioural explanation of anxiety disorders. For example if an infant sees one of his parents committing compulsive acts they are likely toRead MoreYears Ago, If A Person Displayed Strange Ways Of Doing1647 Words   |  7 Pagesdiagnosed them using a model of behavior that coincided with the beliefs circulating throughout the cultural. For a while the main model of behavior was the demonological model. Medieval scientists and practitioners would see the abnormal person as possessed or being driven by the devil. Treatments for any behavior deemed abnormal ranged from prayers to public whipping in order to drive out the spirits. As society evolved and scientists began to experiment they developed several models for abnormal functioningRead MoreCognitive Theories And Theories Of Psychology1526 Words   |  7 Pagesorder to understand certain behavior. The most common approaches in psychology are psychodynamic, behavior, cognitive, humanistic, and biological approaches. The ultimate goal of each method is to help individuals change unhealthy thoughts, behaviors, and emotions. However, t hese different approaches use different techniques to form assumptions and explanations about abnormality. In this essay, cognitive and psychodynamic are the two approaches that will be discussed. Even though these two approachesRead MoreHistorical Perspective of Abnormal Psychology1014 Words   |  4 Pagesof mental disorder. The purpose of writing this paper is to explore the origin of the field of abnormal psychology, its evolution into scientific discipline and briefly discuss the different psychosocial, biological and socio-cultural theoretical models related to the development of abnormal psychology. Origins of Abnormal Psychology The field of abnormal psychology tuned out to be a scientific discipline in the last century but the introduction of the abnormal behaviour started as early in theRead MoreCognitive Behavioral And Psychodynamic Approach Essay863 Words   |  4 Pagesdarkness as a trigger for that events. Furthermore, splitting with his girlfriend may also have prompted him to feel lonely. This might have instilled fear on him, causing anxiety, panic attacks and depression. Biomedical, cognitive behavioural and psychodynamic approach can be used alongside, as treatment methods to help Joseph with his disorder. Biomedical approach treats physical symptoms of disorder such as anxiety, panic attacks and depressions. It states the cause is due to physiological factorsRead MoreEssay about A Comparison of Two Schools of Psychology1007 Words   |  5 Pages The biological perspective and major figures such as Karl Lashley looks to the body to explain the mind, they look at hormones, genes, the brain, and the central nervous system to explain the way we think, feel and act. The psychodynamic perspective and major figures such as Sigmund Freud views behaviour as driven by powerful mental conflicts locked deep within the subconscious. The behaviourist perspective and major figures such as John Watson believe that behaviour

Richard Wagner The Genius Of The Human Psyche - 1448 Words

Carl Gustav Young the founder of analytical psychology once said, â€Å"Everything that irritates us about others can lead us to an understanding of ourselves.† This might take a while to fully fathom but such is the genius of Jung. What he was getting at, although expressed with impressive brevity, was that a person despises the behavior of other people because it is a behavior they hate in themselves. This is powerful to think about because it demonstrates that most of our annoyances with other people are actually subconscious annoyances with ourselves; our disdain with others is a constant reminder of how we might be falling short of what we would like to be. Without a doubt, Jung was brilliant, and the amount of time spent he analyzing the†¦show more content†¦Throughout the essay, Wagner makes it his goal to define what it is about the â€Å"Jewish nature† that is inherently repulsive. This quote informs his readers that they should fight the guilt of thei r consciouses with their â€Å"natural† disgust of the Jewish people. These two objects were tied closely together because as Wagner starts to box in what the Jewish race is, he does not want his audience to feel any sympathy for them; Wagner stages the Jews as a lost cause. First off, He claims the nature of the Jew is something understood and disliked on a subconscious level by â€Å"the people,† and that this disdain for the Jews can be seen throughout religion and politics in addition to music. Within the first several paragraphs of the article, Wagner condemns Jewish nature as something disapproved of by the general populous instinctively and that Jewishness pervades all aspects of society, establishing ground for his ultimate position throughout the essay: the Jews are a race and therefore irredeemable. Wagner then goes on to ostensibly sympathize with the Jews, describing the adversity the adversity they faced and the emancipation attempts made by the Christians : â€Å"We strove for emancipation of the Jews, however, we virtually were more the champions of an abstract principle, than a concrete case†. While Wagner seems sympathetic at first, he describes the case for emaciation as abstract, actually meaning that it cannot beShow MoreRelatedRace Film : The Great And Only Essay10250 Words   |  41 Pagesashamed of who she was. In her novel Imitation of Life (1933), Fannie Hurst’s principle character Delilah (which is the character Annie Johnson in Sirk’s 1959 film adaptation) suggests that cheating on color is a refusal to accept distinctiveness as a human being based on how God created you. In essence, the refusal to accept how you were made by God may not go over too well with â€Å"de Lawd†: â€Å"Cheatin’ on color jes’ because de Lawd left out a little drop of black dye in de skin that dat covers up her

Cloning Is Evil Essay Research Paper Cloning free essay sample

Cloning Is Evil Essay, Research Paper Cloning is Evil Cloning is a procedure that has been debated for decennaries, and all the statements are now coming to a caput. The idea of cloning has been around since the bend of the century, but was non given much publication until the genre of scientific discipline fiction pursued it in novels, cartoon strips, magazines and telecasting shows in the mid-1950 s. When Dolly, a sheep, was cloned, many people, including scientists, spiritual leaders, politicians, and common people, were held in captivation as the cloning procedure was explained to them on every major web telecasting channel. Peoples watched as the theory was put to utilize in certain phases of sheep and toads being cloned. Many people besides came to the realisation that cloning is a scientific blight upon humanity, which should non be pursued any farther. Cloning will, for the most portion, degrade the moralss and civility of humanity until the population is either: a ) no longer recognizably human, or B ) subjected to assorted signifiers of barbarianism including bondage, mass production of trim worlds, and the coercement of the cistron pool. Cloning, if stopped, will go forth many resources free for other scientific chases that could break humanity, or raise the overall criterion of life. The freed work force could besides be put to more utile scientific undertakings, such as nutrient use, or ecology control. If the research of cloning is non stopped, the terminal consequence could good be a eugenics war, or the inevitable decease of the most powerful species on the planet humanity. Large bulks of people still presume that cloning will better society, and that the degree of technological betterment gained in the short term justifies the few minor accommodations that would suit the new A ; improved society. These same people propagate the usage of cloning to reap the excess organic structures for needed organic structure parts, as opposed to people donating parts, and holding people who need the variety meats sign a waiting list. Another statement for cloning is that persons with desirable features could be cloned as replacements ; e.g. , a strong adult male could be cloned for building workers, a smart individual could be cloned for scientific R A ; D, a adult male with musical ability could be cloned to assist an orchestra. None of the above-stated statements are obliging plenty to deserve cloning as an ethical line of research. The defects included within each pro-cloning statement are countless, but, due to infinite restraints, merely a few will be mentioned. Reaping organic structures for variety meats is one of the most crude and barbarian thoughts of all time put forth by human society, particularly sing that we are overshadowing the 21st century. To blow clip and work force on an evidently immoral cause is ugly. To make a human is to care for and nourish it until it is ready to confront the universe on it s ain. If a ringer wants to donate an organ it is wholly up to the ringer, non the Godhead. It is similar to going impregnated and so selling the babe to science for dissection. Cloning people for assorted undertakings originally relegated to the clonee is non unlike bondage in that the ringer is given no consideration as to what it s wants and desires are. As a society, people should fell asham erectile dysfunction to hold put forth the proposition of making slaves ; how is a ringer s rights and privileges any different from the original individual s? Ringers should non be considered to be of a lower criterion than of course conceived worlds are. Having, hopefully, successfully refuted the pro-cloning stance, it is clip to back up the grounds for halting cloning research and execution. To get down, the subjects of clone/original favoritism will be pursued, followed by the subject of eugenics. When a ringer is created, the universe will stare in admiration, as the wonder of technological scientific discipline is an exact reproduction of a human being, down to the last strand of hair. When the planet is pullulating with ringers, the universe will wail in fright as they see unoriginal worlds taking what cherished resources we have left. This will, in all likeliness, lead to a new kind of favoritism, in which ringers are the ostracized group, and worlds are the higher-ups. It will be evocative of former times when Blacks and Indians were treated with disdain and suffered ridicule. This is all on the premiss that there will be more worlds than ringers, of class. If the planet ends up with more ringers than worlds, good, we masters are out of fortune. There s no other possibility. Every human being has in their cistrons the desire to populate, even if it means at the disbursal of others. This privation will embrace both species until one is wiped from the face of the Earth, or is kept under such tight control as to be considered objects. Eugenicss is, in a nutshell, trying to pull strings progeny by analyzing the cistrons of it s parents. As an illustration, when a adult female goes to the sperm bank for a giver, she is given the statistics of each giver s abilities, including standardised intelligence, strength, mechanical comprehension, and what occupation they held when they donated. If a adult female wants her kid to be smart, she simply has to ( hypothetically ) take a giver that is exceptionally intelligent, and hope that his DNA takes consequence in the turning foetus. When applied to cloning, it is already known tat we can clone, and that we can splice DNA. It is a little measure from those being single scientific disciplines to utilizing them in a combined attempt to make a super-human. In consequence, as it has already been hypothesized, many universe leaders will likely make an full race of indistinguishable super-humans in an effort to better their ground forcess and instill fright in the remainder of hum anity. A prophesized eugenics war could take topographic point in the close hereafter, possibly 10-50 old ages from now, in which no worlds will be involved, except as captives or sureties. To recap, cloning s benefits by no agencies justify the grave hazards associated by the chase of this scientific discipline, as it will probably stop humanity s term of governing this planet. Cloning does hold a few good possibilities, like cloning single variety meats for contribution, and cloning nutrient for the hungry, but cloning worlds should be avoided like the pestilence. Would you experience comfy cognizing that, when you give a urine sample to the physician, they could probably be giving the authorities the ability to clone you? How would cloning affect people s personal morality? Likely, people s epistemology would alter from a deontological signifier to a eventful signifier. Would you wish this affliction upon humanity?

Winged Genius is an astonishing work of art from t Essays

Winged Genius is an astonishing work of art from the Mesopotamian palace of Ashurnasirpal II created between 883 -859 B.C.E . It was not uncommon for a king ruling during the Ancient Near-Eastern period to have large pieces of art created on their behalf, as they believed it showed their power and strength when carved larger than life . Made out of limestone and cut into three parts , Winged Genius has dimensions of approximately 72 inches tall by 40 inches wide . Overall, i t is a carving of the profile of a winged man with a beard, and shoulder length , tightly braided hair, holding a sma ll basket or pot in his left hand while his right hand is open and held in the air as if waving to someone. On his wrists are bracelets with one flower in the middle, making it look comparable to a watch. He wears a long robe lined with tassels and thin-strapped sandals o n hi s feet similar to what Jesus a n d his contemporaries would wear. The placard next to the relief carving states: This panel was taken from th e remains of an imperial palace at Nimrud, the capital of the Assyrian empire, now located in modern Iraq. The walls of the palace, constructed by Ashurnasirpal II (883-859), were decorated with stone panels carved in low relief, narrating hi s hunting and military exploits. This genius, or demi-god, was part of a grouping of winged creatures facing a stylized tree, a scene repeated numerous times in the palace. They appear to be performing fertility rites associated with the date palm, a tree held sacred by the Assyrians because it provides food, drink, wood, and shelter. The cuneiform text which covers the surface is part of a standard inscription that extol the victories and greatness of Ashurnasirpal and describes the building of his palace. Traces remain of the bright colors with which the panel was painted, increasing its visual impact. The palace at Nimrud was excavated between 1 845 and 1851 A.D. by Sir Austin H . Layard working on behalf of the British Museum. This panel was among a number of palace scul p tures acquired at that time for a private and public collections in the United States, making them the first examples of ancient Mesopotamian art to reach the wester n world. ( MIA placard) From what we have learned in the textbook and class, I believe that Winged Genius came out of the culture of Assyria. In Gardner Kleiner , ( 2013 , pg. 46) , we notice that there is a painting on glazed brick (f igure 2-2 1) that was created during of the same timeframe. Another created work is 2-22 Gardner Kleiner , (2013, pg. 47 ) , which is a horizontal relief piece from the same time and culture. The top section of the relief sculpture contains many tiny details a person does not notice u ntil star ing at it for a very long time. At first you just see a human head, a large hand and beard and a shoulder. The relief is huge and we can notice earrings and a small type of headpiece when studying further. The largeness of the body tells the people that this subject larger than life and cannot forget that this is a demi-god. The large hand can remind people that the demi-gods are here with them and can either help or harm them at the demi-gods whim. The earrings and headpiece remind the people of the richness and prosperity of their calling as a demi-god. The long, flowing braided hair and decorated beard remind the people of the prosperity and higher station of a demi-god, so u nlike the working class culture that slaves away for the king and his palace. The large empty eyes remind the king and his people that the demi-god is all seeing and can contr ol them at his whim. The flowered bracelets are another way to show the king and his subjects the overindulgence of the demi-god. The bracelets are unneeded by common folk, but remind them of the demi-gods need to be showered with gifts

HIAM350 DiseasePaper

HIAM350 DiseasePaper HIAM350 DiseasePaper Heart Disease Cassi Holtgrave IUPUI HIA-M 350 October 28, 2014 Cardiovascular disease, also known as heart disease, refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack, chest pain, or stroke. Other heart conditions, such as those that affect your heart's muscle, valves or rhythm, also are considered forms of heart disease (Mayo). Heart disease is the number one killer in the United States today. In 2008, over 600,000 Americans died of the disease (Healthline). Although you may think heart disease is a condition that our not so healthy lifestyle has led to, the history of this disease may surprise you. The causes of heart disease, signs, and symptoms are important to recognize because it is very treatable. However, more people than you may think are, and have been, affected by this disease. At the 2009 American Heart Association meeting in Florida, researchers presented study results showing that Egyptian mummies, some 3,500 years old, had evidence of heart disease- specifically atherosclerosis, which narrows the arteries. Pharaoh Merenptah, who died in the year 1203 BC, was plagued by atherosclerosis. Nine of 16 other mummies studied also had evidence of the disease. Researchers theorized that diet could be involved. High-status Egyptians ate a lot of fatty meats from cattle, ducks, and geese, and used a lot of salt for food preservation (Healthline). Before understanding the causes of heart disease you should understand how the heart works. The heart is muscular organ slightly situated to the left that pumps blood. Your heart is divided into right and left sides which help to protect oxygen-rich blood from mixing with oxygen-poor blood. Your heart consists of four valves. These valves keep the blood flowing the right way by opening only one way and only when they need to. The conduction system keeps your heart beating in a coordinated and normal rhythm, which keeps blood circulating (Mayo). As you can see, blood flow to and from the heart is vitally important. Therefore , when the blood vessels become blocked in any way you can see what a serious complication this can be to have reduced blood flow through your arteries to your tissues and organs. The causes of heart disease can really vary depending on the specific type of heart disease you have. Smoking, hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, and family history are all causes of heart disease. Some of these factors can eventually cause inflammation and irritation of the inner lining of the coronary arteries. Over time, cholesterol in the bloodstream can collect in the inflamed areas and begin to form plaque. This plaque can grow and as it does, the diameter of the artery for blood flow narrows. If the artery narrows by 40% to 50%, blood flow is compromised or decreased enough to potentially cause the symptoms of angina which is chest pains (MedicineNet). It is important to understand what signs and symptoms to look for with heart disease because there a couple different kinds each with their own set of symptoms. The cause of these symptoms can often be mistaken for other conditions. Symptoms may be different for men and women. For instance, men are more likely to have chest pain; women are more likely to have symptoms such as shortness of breath, nausea and extreme fatigue. General symptoms can include: chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, pain, numbness, weakness or coldness in your legs or arms if the blood vessels in those parts of your body are narrowed, and pain in the neck, jaw, throat, upper abdomen or back (Mayo). There are certain people that may have more of a risk of developing heart disease than others. Age plays a role in the development of this disease. The older you get, the greater risk you are. Men

War In the Deep Pacific Subm essays

War In the Deep Pacific Subm essays 1. What is the authors thesis? The authors thesis is that World War II was the most extensive undersea war ever fought. No other war in history can equal up to this aquatic war. Hoyt wrote about many aquatic battles during the war starting with the Japanese invasion at Pearl Harbor to the submarine battle just three days before the end of the war. He explains the hardships, troubles, and defeats that the submariners had throughout the book. In the beginning of the war, many submarines had no clue if their torpedoes they shot actually blew up. Some torpedoes prematurely exploded and some didnt even blow up when it hit its enemy. Not to mention, most of the torpedoes didnt even strike the enemies. The U.S. thought they sunk many Japanese subs, but when they looked at the Japanese records, they came to find out that not one Japanese person on that sub was even injured. Hoyt writes about how the aquatic attacks improve with technology during the war. 2. What problem does the author analyze? Hoyt analyzes about how the U.S. is first brutally attacked by the Japanese and then they dominate the Pacific Ocean. On the day of the unexpected attack of Pearl Harbor, the Japanese used their submarines as an escape root back to Japan. Pilots, who abandoned their planes, swam into their submarines and the U.S. couldnt do much about it. The U.S. tried to shoot torpedoes at the enemy, but wasnt able to connect on one, so the Japanese were able to get back to Japan harmlessly. At the end of the war, the amateurs changed ways. The Japanese were the ones that needed the help. The U.S. had all this useful technology and the Japanese were so desperate that they were just doing round after round of kamikazes. That proved that the U.S. dominated the Pacific Ocean at the end of the war. 3. What have you learned about World History, human behavior, or culture from reading this book? ...

Romania Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Romania - Essay Example The Revolution in Romania in 1989 led to scores of deaths and put an end to Communist rule in Romania. Ceausescu and his wife were summarily produced before a sham court, declared guilty of mass murder, sentenced and executed by the end of 1989. If we step away from these incidents and look at the years preceding, we will see that till 1947 Romania was truly liberal in its politics and economic organization. During the next twelve years Soviet style government was imposed on Romania and the party's dictates had to be followed, The Securitate (police) was at the centre of a net of covert Russian style security system created to keep a watch on even private lives of people, this was later to be exploited by Ceausescu. The activities of the Church were restricted and in its stead, mass organizations were put into place mainly to harness public opinion. Stalinist style planning was introduced and industrial production tended to lean more toward heavy machinery rather than goods for mass consumption. Artists and writers were expected to express the views of the State. Everything Soviet was eulogized and emulated. But, Romanians did not sympathize with this regime. This resistance led to the imposition of COMECON and the Warsaw Treaty Organization, created to counter the military and economic influence of the Western Allies. Increasing disenchantment with Communist Russia and the emergence of Romanian national Communism led to a relatively liberal period during the 1960's when curbs on artists were relaxed and health care and social benefits were introduced along with interactions with the United States. This situation even led to the "declaration of independence" by the Romanian Communist Party m albeit still under the basic Communist structure. Nicolae Ceausescu continued with this 'liberal' trend disallowing Warsaw Pact military maneuvers in Romania and really showed his fangs when he suddenly advocated a return to rigid orthodoxy when once again, private life was intruded on and the supremacy of the Party was above all. 2 In his 24 years in power Ceausescu attempted to spread Communism through his ban on abortion from the 1960's. This was supposed to increase the Communist population to over 20 million by the beginning of the second millennium. To enforce this, a clampdown was imposed on abortions and the use of contraceptives coupled with a law stating that each couple has at least five children. Monetary rewards were bestowed after the birth of each child and a family with more children would be given 500 lei monthly. The result was that the overwhelming population of children had to be moved to orphanages. Over 100000 million children were inmates of these state run orphanages and living under the threat of imminent disease and abuse. The healthy ones were picked to be trained to join the infamous state police or Securitate and the frail were left to their own fate in filthy conditions m uncared for and unwanted.3 In conclusion it should be mentioned that after Ceausescu's execution, these orphanages were visited by journalists and then the impact of the calamity was really felt. But nothing much has been done about these orphanages - the children continue to remain there under terrible conditions and inadequate medical care. With